Thanjavur ( Tamil: [tadau] ), also Tanjore, [1] is a city in the chennai of Tamil Nadu. [32] The average temperatures range from 81F (27C) in January to 97F (36C) in May and June. Their native language was Marathi. Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu There are daily express trains to Chennai, Mysuru, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruppur, Tiruchirapalli, Salem, Karur, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Rameswaram, Tiruchendur, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri, Viluppuram, Chengalpattu, Mannargudi, Bengaluru, Dindigul, Pudukkottai, Karaikudi, Sivagangai, Manamadurai and weekly trains to Pondicherry, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Tirupati, Nellore, Itarsi, Visakhapatnam, Hubli, Vasco da Gama, Goa, Vijayawada, Chandrapur, Nagpur, Jabalpur, Satna, Katni, Allahabad, Varanasi, Jaunpur, Ayodhya, and Bhubaneswar. [55], Almond cultivation has been gaining popularity in Thanjavur, a district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Serfojis is also credited with installing a hand press with Devanagari type in 1805, the first of its kind in South India. The five subahs of the country were Pattukkottai, Mayavaram, Kumbakonam, Mannargudi and Tiruvadi. [54] The total rice production has been maintained at 10.615 L.M.T and 7.077 L.M.T. [63] The workforce is predominantly involved in service industry involving trade and commerce. No foreign trade was carried out. The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy chairperson. [45] Carnatic music was codified in Thanjavur and the art flourished during the Nayak rule in the 16th century. [9][17] Sevappa Nayak (153280), the Vijayanagar viceroy of Arcot, established himself as an independent monarch in 1532 (1549, according to some sources) and founded the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom. In 1787, Amar Singh, the regent of Thanjavur, deposed the minor Raja, his nephew Serfoji II (178793) and captured the throne. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Raja . [62] [22] After India's independence, Thanjavur continued as the district headquarters. During 1875 it was converted to a meter gauge line (MG line). It was during Raghunatha's reign that a palace library was established. salam daru and tillanas in praise of King Shivaji II. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 9.22% and .21% of the population respectively. Serfoji created the first Zoological Garden in Tamil Nadu in the Thanjavur palace premises. [12] Many Tamil and Telugu Musicians and Pandits were part of their court. [48] Thanjavur is the base for the Tyagaraja Aradhana, a Carnatic music festival held annually during January February at Thiruvaiyaru, located 13km (8.1mi) away from the city. [72] However, the inauguration of the Thanjavur Air Force Station took place on 27 May 2013. 35.39% of the population lived in urban areas. [15] Thanjavur was eventually annexed along with the rest of the Chola kingdom by the Pandya king Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (12681308) in 1279 and the Chola kings were forced to accept the suzerainty of the Pandyas. Velcheru Narayana Rao|Rao, David Shulman and Sanjay Subrahmanyam. The almond crop in Thanjavur has become an important source of income for local farmers and has contributed to the region's agricultural diversity. His grandson Narayana-raya wrote Vikrama-sena-champu. Seforji's "operations" have been recorded in detail in English with detailed case histories of the patients he operated. For its eponymous headquarters, see, Largest cities or towns in Thanjavur district, List of people associated with Thanjavur district, R. VaithiyaLingam Ex Minister and Rajya Sabha Member, Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901, "Census Info 2011 Final population totals", "Census Info 2011 Final population totals Thanjavur district", "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu", Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu", "Assessment of Recent Droughts in Tamil Nadu", "Welcome to Thanjavur (District Official Website)", Trichy-Tanjore Diocese of the Church of South India, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thanjavur_district&oldid=1164725491, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type, Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Rao Bahadur Sir A. T. Pannirselvam Udaiyar, Leader of justice party, This page was last edited on 10 July 2023, at 18:40. [3], The notable Marathi authors from the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom include Raghunatha Pandita, Ananda-tanaya, Gosavi-nandana and Subhan Rao. The huge assembly of forces on either side is estimated to be as many as a million soldiers (according to Dr. Barradas in Sewell's Book) and considered to be one of the biggest battles in southern India. Venkoji was the founder of the dynasty. The town lies in the Cauvery Delta where the verdant fields of paddy and sugarcane and the rivers meandering in between make the landscape so very visually inspiring. However, the palace relics from the great King Raja Raja Cholan have never been . Soon afterwards, he was deposed by his uncle and regent Amarsingh who seized the throne for himself. The Thanjavur Nayaks belonged to the Telugu-speaking Balija caste. King Serfoji II who was a Bibliophile developed arts,culture and literature and one of the present world largest library, SARASWATI MAHAL is named after him. The Thanjavur Nayak kingdom or Thanjavur Nayak dynasty were the rulers of Thanjavur in the 15th and 17th centuries. Serfoji maintained close ties with the Danes at Tarangambadi and visited their schools quite often and appreciated their way of functioning. Founded by Swaran Maran, one of the Mutharayar kings, this city is among . Other members of his family also composed various works. [41] There are five museums in the city, namely: Archeological Museum, Tamil University Museum located with the Tamil University premises, the Saraswathi Mahal Library Museum located inside the Saraswathi Mahal, Nayak Durbar Hall Art Museum and Rajaraja Chola Museum. [citation needed]. Serfoji is also credited with having built a lot of chathrams or rest houses for weary pilgrims. 1673 CE Thanjavur Nayaka rule comes to an end when Thanjavur falls to the Madurai Nayaka King, Chokkanatha . Memories of the pilgrimage have survived to the present day in the paintings of the bathing ghats on the Ganges and the different holy sites commissioned by him. The Golden Vimana of the inner most shrines (Temple Flag) and the image of God studded with Crown jewels was presented by Achuthappa Nayak.[1]. His other major contributions include the Pushyamantapas (Halls) with steps leading to river Cauvery in Mayavaram, Tiruvidaimarudur, Tiruvadi and Kumbakonam and Golden Kalasas of Tiruvannamalai Temple Gopurams (Towers) some of the Gopurams in Rameswaram. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples, which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, are located in and around Thanjavur. [15] Nagama Nayak was the father of Visvanatha Nayak (founder of the Madurai Nayak dynastic line). During the 200001 period, a total of 31 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city. Madras (India: State). Raghunatha Nayak and his minister, Govind Dikshitar, a noted musician and a Veena player who modified this Veena to its current form. He did not, however, place his protege on the throne as instructed by the Bijapur Sultan, but seized the kingdom and made himself king. [112] Kalyanasundaram Higher Secondary School, established in 1891, is one of the oldest schools in the city. Pandya nadu very quickly reasserted their independence and added Thanjavur to their domain. During his time, Thanjavur was one of the most developed princely states in the Indian subcontinent. [43] The Sivaganga Park is situated to the east of the Brihadeeswarar Temple and encompasses the Sivaganga Tank believed to have been built by the king Raja Raja Chola. Raja Desinghu: The Maratha king Rajaram, threatened by Mughal forces, had to flee from Raigarh and take asylum in Senji. Maratha Rule in Tamilnadu - The Marathas - BrainKart For its namesake district, see, "Tanjore" redirects here. The fort was built by Maratha ruler Serfoji II in 18141815 to commemorate the successful advance of the British over Napolon Bonaparte. The Emperor appointed his trusted Kin, who belonged to the Telugu Balija caste as Governors (Nayakas) of Madurai and Tanjavur. Thanjavur was a Maratha kingdom in Tamil Country, until the British dethroned the last Thanjavur Maratha king . Irmaccantiran Nkacmi, R. Nagaswamy. [64] With the expansion of the city area, the opportunities for agriculture is limited and only 7% of the population is involved in it. [64], The National Highways NH 83 and NH 36 pass through Thanjavur and NH 136 and NH 67 connect Thanjavur respectively with Perambalur and Thiruvurur. Contributions of Thanjavur Maratha Kings The Manora Fort is situated 20km (12mi) away from Pattukkottai and 60km (37mi) from Thanjavur in the village of Mallipattinam. [citation needed], The flora of Thanjavur was studied and documented in some detail by S. A. Ganapathy for a doctoral thesis in 1992.[11]. Serfoji was a scion of the Bhonsle family from which Chattrapathi Shivaji came. Farzand-i . The coverage of solid waste management had an efficiency of 100% as of 2001. The Thanjavur Nayak kingdom or Thanjavur Nayak dynasty were the rulers of Thanjavur in the 15th and 17th centuries. Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, city, eastern Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. He implemented an underground drainage system for the whole of Thanjavur city. Serfoji I was a younger son of Venkoji and he ruled from 1712 to 1728. Sevappa's wife Murtimamba was the sister-in-law of Achyuta Deva Raya and the sister of the Vijayanagara Queen, Thirumalamba. "Thanjavur - A Cultural History", Pradeep chakravarthy, Niyogi books, This page was last edited on 11 July 2023, at 17:41. He also established a stone type press called "Nava Vidhya Kalanidhi Varnayanthra Sala". Raghunatha Nayak. The last, unfulfilled dream of Jamie Dimon, king of Wall Street Modern statue of King Rajaraja I on horseback in Thanjavur. [119] There are a total of 9,745 street lamps: 492 sodium lamps, 2,061 mercury vapour lamps, 7,180 tube lights and twelve high-mast beam lamps. Later when the Vijaynagara rulers re-established their capital in Chandragiri and Vellore under Sriranga Rayas, Achuthappa Nayak continued his loyalty while Gingee and Madurai Nayaks intended to break free by refusing to pay tribute. Aryan Books International. Express News Service CHENNAI: Call me Pratap," says the bespectacled, unassuming young man we meet on a balmy afternoon at a popular social club on Mount Road. The princely state was extinguished and Tanjore annexed by the British as per the controversial Doctrine of Lapse when Shivaji died in 1855. [7] His son Aditya I (871901) consolidated their hold over the city. 'Lord of Rajaraja') by its builder, and known locally as Thanjai Periya Kovil (lit. Chengamala Das, the son of Vijaya Raghava induced the Bijapur Sultan to help him get back the Thanjavur throne. There is a lot of agricultural related trading that forms the key economic activity in the city. [123], This article is about the municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu, India. [80] The legislative powers are vested in a body of 52 members, one each from the 52 wards. This happened at the same time as when the Rayas of Chandragiri were waging wars with the Deccan Sultanates in southern Andhra Pradesh, Achuthappa Nayak provided support. Built By Chola Dynasty King, This Is The Oldest Dam In India - Curly Tales Attractions include the Brihadishvara Chola temple, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987 (expanded in 2004 by naming two other nearby Chola temples); a Vijayanagar fort; the palace of Sarfoji, a Maratha prince; and Sarasvati Mahal Library, known for its large collection of manuscripts dating from the 16th to the 19th century. The southern side of the third quadrangle of the palace has a 190ft (58m) tower-like building, called the Goodagopuram. The King of Jaffna kingdom went into a war against Portugal against the methods adopted by the missionary conversions in Jaffna. A subsequent treaty forced him to hand over the reins of the kingdom to the British East India Company, becoming part of the Tanjore District (Madras Presidency). Thanjavur Marathi people The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport, located at a distance of 56km (35mi). The trees bloom in early spring with beautiful pink and white flowers, and the nuts are ready for harvest in the fall. He then charged at the attacking army with his son and his body-guard. Soon, he became proficient in Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Sanskrit, French, German, Danish, Greek, Dutch and Latin. The Meenakshi Temple at Madurai (article) | Khan Academy Chokkantha determined to fetch the maiden by force back into their capital, successfully stormed the Thanjavur palace in 1673 after flattening much of the fort walls by cannons. Brihadishvara Temple, called Rajarajesvaram (lit. [3], In 1693, Shahaji renamed the village of Tiruvishanallur as Shahaji-raja-puram and established an assemmbly of 45 scholars and poets there. Both the Armies met at the Toppur, at an open field on the northern banks of River Cauvery, between Tiruchirappalli and Grand Anicut in late months of 1616. This library was developed and enriched later by Rajah Serfoji II into the currently famous Saraswati Mahal Library.[9]. Therefore, Serfoji is remembered in history as the last sovereign ruler of Thanjavur. Later King of Jaffna sought help from the Tanjore Nayaks in repelling Portuguese advances through many battles[18]. His Sanskrit treatise on music, Sangita Sudha opened the secrets of music to all. This article is about the district. It is the only one of its kind for the Tamil language doing higher research in Tamilology and advanced study in various allied branches like linguistics, translation, lexicography, music, drama and manuscriptology. Brihadisvara Temple: A King's Glory in Stone - PeepulTree Vijaya Raghava Nayak (16341673), was the last of the Nayak Kings of Thanjavur. The city is a major manufacturer of pith works consisting of models of Hindu idols, mosques, garlands and other bird figurines. Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides broadband internet service. Under the British, Thanjavur emerged as an important regional centre. This would also lead to bitter animosity between the Madurai Nayaks and the Tanjore Nayaks ultimately leading to the Battle at Vallamprakara where the Tanjore army with the Rayas fought against Veerappa Nayak of Madurai by defeating the latter. Serfoji was the son of Shahaji an agnate whose family was in the protection and patronage of King Tulaja II and his father King Pratap Singh. The total area of the city is 36.33km2 (14.03sqmi). Serfoji erected a shipyard at Manora, around fifty kilometers from Thanjavur. The Srirangam Temple towers (Gopurams) of the North and West and the eighth Prakara (temple Wall Street) and several Halls (Mandapam) inside the Temple complex were built by him. It has been renowned for its Archaeological importance, particularly because of the Big Temple and other remnants from the later Cholan period. Christian Freidrich Schwartz, a Danish missionary. THE STORY OF THANJAVUR`s MARATHA KINGS - eSamskriti In 1620 Raghunatha Nayak permitted a Danish settlement at Tarangambadi. Sugarcane and peanuts (groundnuts) are grown in addition to rice; grain processing is a significant industry. The Nayak of Gingee in the war lost all his forts except Gingee Fort and the putative son of Venkata II, cause of all trouble was captured. List of educational institutions in Thanjavur, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, "Scope of digital mapping exercise in city likely to be enlarged", "Station: Tanjavur Climatological Table 19812010", "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)", "Agricultural Contingency Plan of District Thanjavur", "National Agricultural developmental program District agricultural plan of Thanjavur district", "South zone cultural centre to celebrate silver jubilee soon", "World Heritage Sites Chola Temple Brihadisvara", "A stickler for tradition in Tanjore painting", https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/govt_schemes_services/pdf/govt_schemes_nadp_dap_Thanjavur.pdf, "Census Info 2011 Final population totals Thanjavur", "Census Info 2011 Final population totals", "Population By Religious Community Tamil Nadu", "NH wise Details of NH in respect of Stretches entrusted to NHAI", "Passengers demand new train from Thanjavur to Chennai on mainline", "Cancellation and partial cancellation of trains from December 4", "Thanjavur Air Force base to be a major one soon", "Delay in Completion of Strategic Air Force Projects", "IAF's Modernisation Projects' 75% Completion By 2022: Air Chief Marshal Browne", "IAF to modernise, raise four more Su-30MKI squadrons", "Mayor of Thanjavur Municipal Corporation", "Deputy Mayor of Thanjavur Municipal Corporation", "Commissionerate of Municipal Administration", "Thanjavur to be upgraded as City Municipal Corporations", "Map showing the new assembly constituencies", "Tiruvarur gifts highest-ever victory margin to Karunanidhi", "General Elections to Lok Sabha, 2009, name and address of the elected members of parliamentary constituencies in Tamil Nadu", "Key highlights of the general elections 1952 to the First Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha", "Transforming a rice bowl into a food processing hub", "Students throng Passport Seva Kendra in Tiruchi and Thanjavur", Conversion of City Corporate Plan into Business Plan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thanjavur&oldid=1164721018, This page was last edited on 10 July 2023, at 18:06. [89], Thanjavur is also a part of the Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, once every five years. [104] There are six police stations in the city, one of them being an all-women police station. Thanjavur's multiple past chronicled in a new book His one remarkable contribution is the construction of a dam across Cauvery near Tiruvadi leading to efficient irrigation in its vicinity. Raja Serfoji, Renaissance man of Thanjavur According to another local legend, the word Thanjavur was derived from "Tanjan", who was a Demon[2][3] who was killed on this very place and that asura asked to make a beautiful city there in Hindu mythology and later the asura was slain in what is now Thanjavur by the Hindu god Neelamegha Perumal, a form of Vishnu. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The end of the Thanjavur Nayak dynasty was brought on by Chokkanatha Nayak, the Nayak of Madurai. It is one of the largest Hindu temples and an exemplar of Tamil . To maximise agricultural produce, organic farming is being implemented. In the early 1990s, Thanjavur was connected with Chennai via the Vayudoot flight service, which was stopped due to poor patronage. His son Shivaji was the last Thanjavur Marathi ruler to wield authority of any sort. Underwent training in preservation methods at the Madras Museum, hereditary trustee of 88 temples. [67] The Great Southern of India Railway Company (GSIR) operated a broad gauge rail service between Nagapattinam and Tiruchirapalli via Thanjavur between 1861 and 1875. Thanjavur is known as the "Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu". Sarasvati Bhandar is where the manuscripts of Raghunatha's prolific court scholars were collected and preserved. The city is also known for a distinctive painting stylein which such materials as gold foil, lace, and semiprecious stones are used to embellish the paintingand for a style of embossed metal plates. Thanjavur [11][12][13][14], When the Chola Empire began to decline in the 13th century, the Pandyas from the south invaded and captured Thanjavur twice, first between 121819 and again in 1230. Pursuing him, the Mughal forces led by General Zulfikar Khan, and then by Daud Khan, succeeded in taking over Senji. The British did not accept this adoption and Thanjavur was annexed by them as per the provisions of the Doctrine of Lapse. Shahaji's minister Tryambaka-yajvan wrote the Sanskrit-language texts Dharmakuta (a commentary on Ramayana) and Str-dharma-paddhati. [6] The Rashtrakuta king Krishna II (878914), a contemporary of the Chola king Parantaka I (907950), claims to have conquered Thanjavur, but there are no records to support the claim. Dhundhiraja, another writer patronized by Shahaji, wrote the Sanskrit-language texts Shaha-vilasa-gita and Mudra-rakshasa-vyakhya. Maratha Palace || Thanjavur Tourism Christian Missionaries played a prominent role in promoting English education in Thanjavur. This encouraged the English to seek trade with the Thanjavur Nayaks. [41] Punnainallur Mariamman temple is about 7km from Brihadeeswara temple. However, compared to the Nayaka-era works, the Telugu language works composed under the Thanjavur Maratha patronage are of inferior quality. The green paddy fields of the Kaveri river valley provide a picturesque setting for these and other important ancient monuments of the district. In 1820-21, Serfoji embarked on a pilgrimage to Kasi along with a retinue of 3,000 disciples and camp-followers. Hence Viswanatha Nayak and Sevappa Nayak were cousin. The city is an important agricultural centre located in the Kaveri Delta and is known as the Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. Muttu Virappa tried to escape, he was pursued by Yachama's general Rao Dama Nayani who captured him near Tiruchirapalli. The city first rose to prominence during the reign of the Cholas when it served as the capital of the empire. Most of the idols present in the gallery were collected from various temples in the Thanjavur district. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples, which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, are located in and around Thanjavur. [23] Vijayaraghava's long reign witnessed a large amount of literary output both in music and Telugu literature. [117] The corporation maintains a total of 155km (96mi) of storm water drains: 53.27km (33.10mi) surfaced drains and 101.73km (63.21mi) unlined drains. With the Maratha King Tulaja II, the son of Pratap singh, donating 4,000 acres 91,600ha of . The dam, built around 2000 years ago, is about 15 kilometers from Tiruchirapalli in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. [61], As of 2008, a total 2,013.34ha (4,975.1 acres) (55.4%) of the land was used for residential, 11.32ha (28.0 acres) (3.06%) for commercial, 82.68ha (204.3 acres) (2.28%) for industrial, 320.2ha (791 acres) (8.81%) for public & semi public, 108.11ha (267.1 acres) (2.98%) for educational and 996.85ha (2,463.3 acres) (27.47%) for agriculture. [25][26] To the south of Thanjavur city, is the Vallam tableland, a small plateau interspersed at regular intervals by ridges of sandstone. [115], About 110 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from Thanjavur every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping is carried out by the sanitary department of the Thanjavur Corporation. [citation needed]. Tukkoji, a younger brother of Serfoji I, ruled Thanjavur from 1728 to 1736. Formerly known as Tanjore, this city is located in the state of Tamil Nadu in the southern part of India. Serfoji also established a meteorological station to facilitate trade. Jagga Raya sought help from the Gingee Nayak and Muttu Virappa of Madurai to attack Yachamanedu and Rama Deva. The almonds produced in Thanjavur are known for their high quality and rich flavor. Jagga Raya was strongly challenged by Yachamanedu, the chief of Kalahasti who claimed the throne for Rama Deva, the rightful heir whom he had smuggled out from the Vellore Prison. (1957). He was a great savant and humanist, a man who was far ahead of his times. The main benefactor was the Srirangam Temple. Thanjavur Junction Railway Station (2.5 kms) Thanjavur or Tanjore is an important heritage town in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu in South India. [57] Increasing production costs and competition from large-scale producers have reduced the number of people involved in the production. The Thanjavur Maratha rulers patronized production of literature[1] in four languages: Ekoji, the founder of the kingdom, continued the use of Telugu as a court language. His vision helped Thanjavur forge ahead of other princely states and advance into a new age and emerge as a fitting competitor to European nations. [12], Sevappa Nayak (15321580), also known as Sevappa Nayak, was the first Thanjavur Nayak king. Above all, he was an enlightened and educated soul; the quintessential Indian maharajah of the British colonial era who was at home with both Latin as well as Sanskrit and could converse and compile literary works in both Tamil as well as English. His reign witnessed the invasion of Chanda Sahib and he is credited with having repulsed a Muslim invasion of Madurai. Thanjavur is the cultural and political center of the Thanjavur Marathi people. The nearest seaport is Karaikal, which is 94km (58mi) away from Thanjavur. For other uses, see. Thanjavur (Tamil:[tadau]), also Tanjore,[1] is a city in the chennai of Tamil Nadu. Starting from the 1350s, the Ma'bar Sultanate was steadily absorbed into the rising Vijayanagar Empire. While the plains immediately adjoining the Cauvery river have been under cultivation from time immemorial, most of Thanjavur city and the surrounding areas lie in the "New Delta" a dry, barren upland tract which was brought under irrigation during the early 19th century. His brother Bhagavanta-raya wrote Mukunda-vilasa, Uttara-champu, and Raghavabhyudaya. The city is the seat of Tamil University (1981) and has several other colleges. [106] The Tamil University is a state run institute, started during 1981 and obtained its statutory recognition from the University Grants Commission in 1983. [9] The district is the main rice producing region in the state and hence known as the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu. Sarasvati Mahal Library: Legacy of Thanjavur's Scholar-Kings - PeepulTree Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century, pp.424-425. Pop. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The work Raghunathabhyudayam written by Vijayaraghava Nayaka gives some genealogical details of Timmappa. The Shiva deity's original name is Rajarajeshvaram.