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Abraham Lincoln announced it on April 19, 1861. He failed to send even a small body of troops to aid the ships, and soon Farragut was forced by falling water levels to withdraw his deep-draft vessels to the vicinity of New Orleans. It called for strangling the Southern Confederacy, much like an Anaconda. The three main steps of the Anaconda Plan were 1) surround the Confederacy by sea and by land blockades, 2) take control of the Mississippi River to cut Confederate forces in two, and 3) ambush and surround the Confederacy and their capital. The culminating battle would be for the forts below New Orleans. succeed. Uncover the military career and accomplishments of Winfield Scott, one of the United States most distinguished soldiers, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Anaconda-plan. In fact, only the first two were consequential; a mere eight steam-powered blockade runners entered Georgia or northern Florida ports throughout the entire war.[23]. He wanted to raise an army of 80,000 men in Ohio (he was the military commander in Ohio at this time) and send them on an overland campaign through Virginia and capture Richmond. 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These ideas were rejected by General Scott in favor of the Anaconda Plan. Questions Tips & Thanks Want to join the conversation? For an in-depth look at the tactics of the Civil War a great book is the #ad Atlas of the Civil War: A Complete Guide to the Tactics and Terrain of Battle. The port retained its primacy until near the end of the Rebellion, when Fort Fisher, at the mouth of the Cape Fear River, was captured by Union forces in January 1865. Civil war poem 1861-the civil war begun 1862-the bullets flew 1863- the slaves are free 1864- the wars no more 1865- Lincoln dies North called the first battle of the war Bull run South called the first battle of the war Manassas Union commander Gen Irvin McDowell Confederate commanders Gen PGT Beauregard and Gen Joseph E. Johnston Because the blockade would be rather passive, it was widely . Military strategy of the American Civil War, Toggle Development of blockade subsection. For more information please see our, Atlas of the Civil War: A Complete Guide to the Tactics and Terrain of Battle, The Civil War: The Story of the War with Maps. Although United States president Abraham Lincoln immediately instituted a naval blockade, he bowed to political pressure in 1861 and shelved the rest of the plan. There were countless inlets through which blockade runners and Confederate privateers could evade detection and capture by the U.S. Navy. It was never officially adopted by the Union government. Robert J. McNamara is a history expert and former magazine journalist. Hand out one copy to the half of the class assigned to create military strategy for Tangmania. If you continue to use this website you agree to our use of cookies. (See Raising the Flag at Fort Sumter.) What is the Anaconda Plan? (with pictures) - United States Now This was easily done, as on September 16, 1861, it was abandoned by its Rebel defenders, who feared that they might be cut off from the mainland. By the time of the Civil War, Scott was a valued adviser to President Lincoln, but was in his 70s. 'Scott's Great Snake': a Plan to Strangle the Confederacy All suitable harbors south of the Chesapeake Bay, however, were held by seceded states. 320-341. Firstly, the Kanawha was not suited for water transport and so the march on Richmond would have to be overland and thus subject to breakdowns of men, horses, and equipment. *Then, explain to students that today they will be promoted to the position of military strategiest in one of those countries. 7. Hand out one copy to every student. Complacent or not, the plan, if allowed full implementation and support from Northern military commanders would have saved many lives. . 618630, 651655, 680681. 3. Plotting and Planning Strategies of the Civil War Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Download Lesson Plan 209KB Grade Level: High School: Ninth Grade through Twelfth Grade Subject: Social Studies Lesson Duration: 90 Minutes Common Core Standards: 11-12.RH.1, 11-12.RI.2, 11-12.RI.7 State Standards: This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen. He assumed that the military only needed to create the right circumstances for Unionism to reemerge in the South. [24] Later, ships used in the blockade were used for the abortive assault on Fort Sumter on April 7, 1863. The strategywas nicknamed the Anaconda Plan in the newspapers because it would strangle the Confederacy the way the anaconda snake constricts its victims. American Civil War - Secession, Battles, Armies | Britannica The Anaconda Plan - Civil War Home (Note: This lesson works best if the essential question is revealed after the activity). The Anaconda Plan was the initial Civil War strategy devised by General Winfield Scott of the U.S. Army to put down the rebellion by the Confederacy in 1861. The Anaconda Plan was drawn up to end the Civil War in favor of the Union. With the onset of the American Civil War, the Federal Government instituted a massive naval blockade of the Confederacy, dubbed "The Anaconda Plan." The northernmost extremity of the blockade, the Potomac River, was known as "the Anaconda's Tail." Herein is the untold history of the desperate. General Winfield Scott and Staff Officers. The same argument could be applied to Kentucky. Having no doubt of its importance, the government of Confederate President Jefferson Davis in Richmond strengthened both positions. Anaconda Plan in the Civil War: Definition, Summary & Map [25] They also provided artillery support for the infantry attacks on Battery Wagner on July 11 and July 18, 1863. Control the Mississippi River. Because Congress was not in session to authorize presidential initiatives to suppress the rebellion, the burden of raising troops for the war fell on the loyal state governments. vessels or troops with the purpose of fighting on the seas or water. Many blockade runners were from various islands, like the Bahamas and Bermuda. McNamara, Robert. In a few weeks, as the state militias were incorporated into the national service, the militias of Indiana and Illinois were added to his command. The idea that federal troops could quickly move on the Confederate capital and end the war was taken seriously, and led to the first real battle of the war, at Bull Run. Assign each group the role of Tangmania or Gagoola. In May of 1861, Winfield Scott, a Union Army general, suggested blockading Confederate ports and advancing down the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy in two. Confederate generals focused their attention on securing their best and most important forts along the Atlantic and Gulf coastlines, in response to the Union's actions. The naval blockade alone would not have defeated the rebellion, even if the Union also controlled the entire Mississippi river. [1] Proposed by Union General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized a Union blockade of the Southern ports and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. This strategy, known as the Anaconda Plan, would eliminate the possibility of Confederate help from abroad. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 2. After both of these attempts to take the battery failed, the ships remained active in the ensuing siege that eventually resulted in its capture.